What is the scientific principle behind red light therapy?

The core principle is photobiomodulation: red light of a specific wavelength is absorbed by cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) within cells, improving the function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and increasing ATP production. At the same time, it releases nitric oxide, promotes blood circulation, and downregulates pro-inflammatory factors, thereby facilitating cellular repair and providing anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.